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💡 物件導向設計原則概述

物件導向設計

  • 物件導向設計中主要目標為增加系統的可維護性與複用性
  • 最常見的物件導向設計原則為 SOLID
名稱定義
單一責任原則 (SRP) Single Responsibility Principle一個類別應該只有一個改變的理由! A class should have only one reason to change
開放封閉原則 (OCP) Open Closed Principle軟體實體 (類別、模組、函式等) 應能開放擴充但封閉修改 Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification
里氏替換原則 (LSP) Liskov Substitution Principle子型別必需可替換為他的基底型別 Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types
介面隔離原則 (ISP) Interface Segregation Principle多個用戶端專用的介面優於一個通用需求介面 Many client specific interfaces are better than one general purpose interface
依賴反轉原則 (DIP) Dependency Inversion Principle抽象不應該相依於細節。而細節則應該相依於抽象 Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions